{"id":110714,"date":"2022-07-11T06:10:19","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T09:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/?p=110714"},"modified":"2022-07-11T06:15:48","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T09:15:48","slug":"como-obter-a-licenca-de-piloto-privado-de-aviao-107","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/como-obter-a-licenca-de-piloto-privado-de-aviao-107\/","title":{"rendered":"Como obter a licen\u00e7a de Piloto Privado de Avi\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-97272 \" src=\"https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/aa-14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"670\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/aa-14.jpg 640w, https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/aa-14-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\">PPAV \u2013 Navega\u00e7\u00e3o A\u00e9rea \u2013 Unidade 14<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Por Cmte Hiltinho (*)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Continua\u00e7\u00e3o&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>9.9 \u2013 Climb ou Indicador de Subida e Descida<\/strong> \u2013 denominado ainda Vari\u00f4metro ou Indicador de Velocidade Vertical (VSI \u2013 Vertical Speed Indicator), \u00e9 um instrumento constitu\u00eddo de caixa, diafragma e tubo capilar, ligado \u00e0 linha de press\u00e3o est\u00e1tica, que \u00e9 fornecida pelo tubo de Pitot. O Climb tem a finalidade de informar ao piloto se a aeronave est\u00e1 subindo, descendo ou em voo nivelado. Este instrumento \u00e9 constantemente consultado pelo piloto quando em voo n\u00e3o controlado pelo Sistema de Controle de Voo Autom\u00e1tico, ou Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), os famosos \u201cPilotos Autom\u00e1ticos\u201d. Um AFCS faz parte dos sistemas eletr\u00f4nicos, chamados \u201cavi\u00f4nicos\u201d, que s\u00e3o os equipamentos e os dispositivos usados para controlar sistemas-chave do avi\u00e3o e seu voo. A raz\u00e3o padr\u00e3o de subida ou descida \u00e9 de 500 p\u00e9s (150 metros) por minuto (FPM \u2013 Feet Per Minute). Quando a aeronave est\u00e1 subindo, o ponteiro indica para cima; se o ponteiro est\u00e1 indicando zero significa que a aeronave se encontra em voo nivelado; e, obviamente, quando ela est\u00e1 em voo descendente, o ponteiro indica para baixo. O posicionamento normal do ponteiro<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.10 \u2013 Term\u00f4metro<\/strong> \u2013 instrumento utilizado para medir a temperatura, sendo que em meteorologia geralmente \u00e9 a temperatura do ar. Os term\u00f4metros de m\u00e1xima e de m\u00ednima indicam, respectivamente, a mais alta e a mais baixa temperaturas ocorridas entre as ajustagens destes instrumentos. A temperatura varia com a altitude, \u00e0 raz\u00e3o de 2\u00baC para cada 1.000 p\u00e9s (300 metros), tanto para subir, quanto para descer e recebe o nome de Gradiente T\u00e9rmico Vertical. Essa propor\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser considerada, at\u00e9 para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o da VA (Velocidade Aerodin\u00e2mica). At\u00e9 mesmo nos pa\u00edses que adotam a temperatura em escala Fahrenheit (\u00baF), para executarem a avia\u00e7\u00e3o, t\u00eam que utilizar a temperatura cent\u00edgrados ou Celsius (\u00baC). A Convers\u00e3o das temperaturas Fahrenheit e Celsius ser\u00e1 obtida por meio de f\u00f3rmulas espec\u00edficas ou por tabelas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemplos de f\u00f3rmulas: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a) \u2013 Para converter temperatura Celsius em Fahrenheit: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u00aa) \u2013 (\u00baF = 1,8 x \u00baC + 32\u00ba), ou,<\/p>\n<p>2\u00aa) \u2013 (\u00baF = (\u00baC x 9 \/ 5 + 32\u00ba);<\/p>\n<p><strong>b) \u2013 Para converter temperatura Fahrenheit em Celsius: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u00aa) \u2013 (\u00baC = (\u00baF \u2013 32\u00ba) \/ 1.8), ou,<\/p>\n<p>2\u00aa) \u2013 (\u00baC = \u00baF \u2013 32\u00ba x (5\/9)).<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.11 \u2013 Rel\u00f3gio<\/strong> \u2013 trata-se de um instrumento extremamente simples e que tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 presente na navega\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00e9rea, onde \u00e9 usado para informar o hor\u00e1rio UTC (Universal Time Coordinated ou Tempo Universal Coordenado). Apesar do surgimento de novas tecnologias, este instrumento ainda continua sendo usado nas aeronaves.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(*) Hilton Batista de Oliveira (Hiltinho) \u00e9 Engenheiro Civil, aposentado do Banco do Brasil e Piloto Privado de Avi\u00e3o. Escreve suas cr\u00f4nicas todas as segundas-feiras para o Blog PE Not\u00edcias.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PPAV \u2013 Navega\u00e7\u00e3o A\u00e9rea \u2013 Unidade 14 Por Cmte Hiltinho (*) Continua\u00e7\u00e3o&#8230; 9.9 \u2013 Climb ou Indicador de Subida e Descida \u2013 denominado ainda Vari\u00f4metro ou Indicador de Velocidade Vertical (VSI \u2013 Vertical Speed Indicator), \u00e9 um instrumento constitu\u00eddo de caixa, diafragma e tubo capilar, ligado \u00e0 linha de press\u00e3o est\u00e1tica, que \u00e9 fornecida pelo &#8230; <a title=\"Como obter a licen\u00e7a de Piloto Privado de Avi\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/penoticias.com.br\/blog\/como-obter-a-licenca-de-piloto-privado-de-aviao-107\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Como obter a licen\u00e7a de Piloto Privado de Avi\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' 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